Roles and Functions of a Manager- Annotated Bibliography

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ What is a director’s role? Brenton Kenton Executive development Year: 1995 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Page: 16-18 ISSN: 0953-3230 DOI: 10.1108/09533239510086358 This article evaluates the roles of a director and the importance of a strong sense of purpose for any organisation. The three main roles outlined in the article are policy, strategy and operations. External and internal monitoring by the directors is found to be essential in these roles. Originality, imagination and ambition form the hallmark of having a strong sense of purpose (policy). This sense of direction along with decisional, informational and interpersonal roles of†¦show more content†¦------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ How managers help with development Alan Mumford Industrial and Commercial Training Year: 1995 Volume: 27 Issue: 8 Page: 8-11 ISSN:0019-7858 DOI: 10.1108/0019785910097054 This article analyses three series of opinions which affects managers developing them into effective managers in the process. It examines how experience, self development and action learning help a manager to develop effectively as he moves from the individual, to the group and then to the organisation as a whole. This article also outlines the definition of managerial work and the six helpers in management development namely 1. Boss 2. Grand boss 3. Mentor 4. Colleagues 5. Subordinates 6. Project/client sponsor. It also examines opportunities, helping process and helping relationships as the requirements for effective help. It emphasises on the importance of encouraging and providing support and techniques and ideas for managers to help with the development at the workplace. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The â€Å"real-world† challenges of managers: implications for management education Cà ©leste M. Brotheridge, Stephen Long Journal of Management Development Year: 2007 Volume: 26 Issue: 9 Page: 832 – 842 ISSN: 0262-1711 DOI:Show MoreRelatedAllentown (Epd) Case Analysis7182 Words   |  29 Pagesorganization structure is needed for EPD, which would improve team work and support the quick decision making capacity required to keep pace with the ever-changing market. After examining the leadership style and skills, we find that including Rogers, managers at EPD are lacking strategic leadership skills which lead to â€Å"throw it over the wall† attitude within the division. Coupled with the current ineffective performance evaluation system, the dysfunctional conflicts among the group members are inevitableRead MoreThe Role Of Cultural Perceptions That Were Reinforced By Servant Leadership1705 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough leader behavior modeling. This research supports previous claims identified in this document that role modeling and leading by example servant leadership characteristics and behaviors has a direct correlation with positive performance on both the individual and store levels. The authors combined two Gallup polls (Gallup Work Force Panel and Gallup Well-Being Panel), totaling 2,658 managers between October 2014 and January 2015 using random digit dialing over landlines and cell phones. The majorRead MoreMedication Reconciliation And Prevention Of Medication Errors1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmedication errors for patient safety. Also, facilities must comply with the Joint Commission standards to maintain their Joint Commission Accreditation. It has been proven through multiple studies that medication reconciliation plays an important role in the prevention of medication errors. These errors can be prevented on the administration and prescribing side if the task of medication reconciliation is performed correctly. Medication reconciliation is defined as a â€Å"formal process of obtainingRead MoreEssay on Water for Elephants1427 Words   |  6 PagesNovel Study Annotated Bibliography Gruen, Sara. Water for Elephants. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 2006. The story follows Jacob Jankowski who was an old man living in a nursing home, as he looks back about a time that defined his life. In the 1930’s, 23-year-old Jacob’s life changed drastically. One minute he was finishing his Veterinarian degree at Cornell and planning to follow his father in the family business. The next his parents passed away in a carRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography Employee Engagement4499 Words   |  18 PagesTable of content 1. Introduction 2 2. Annotated Bibliography 2 3. Analysis 9 4. Recommendations for practice 12 5. Conclusion 12 References 13 â€Æ' 1. Introduction Employee engagement (EE) is an essential part of organizational life and of paramount interest to human resource management (HRM) professionals in the banking industry due to its influence on the organizational outcomes. This paper therefore examines the topic with the aim of defining EE and identifyingRead MoreMGT 311 Week 4 Team Assignment1780 Words   |  8 Pagestraditionally left this up to individual employees. This new system will require all employees to use one customer management system. Your team is now working to help Riordan implement this planned change. Your team must do the following in your role as consultants: I) Section I: Change Management Plan I. Identify the current formal and informal power structures in the organization. How might the power and political structure of the organization affect employee behavior? i. Jessica Nodsle:Read MoreEssay on Team Leadership4542 Words   |  19 Pages Prepared by: Anthony Gunther Student Number: 5014570 Prepared For: Bernadette Lynch Date Submitted: 04/10/11 Extension Granted: Yes TABLE OF CONTENTS Annotated Bibliography 5 Reflective Paper 1 8 Reflective Paper 2 12 Reflective Paper 3 16 1. Annotated Bibliography Source 1: Hoyt, C.L Blascovich, J 2003, Transformational and transactional leadership in virtual and physical environments, University of Richmond This source highlightsRead MoreImpact of Ict on Society2585 Words   |  11 PagesTechnologies Impact of ICT on Society Table of Contents PART A 1 1. Introduction 1 2. The annotations 1 2.1 Scholarly journal articles 1 2.2 Conference papers 1 2.3 Newspaper articles 1 2.4 Internet sources 1 3. Conclusion 2 Annotated Bibliographies 3 PART B (Endnote) 6 4. Introduction 6 5. The Endnote advantages 6 6. The Endnote disadvantages 7 7. The Recommendations 8 8. Conclusion 9 9. References 10 PART A Introduction With era of globalizationRead MoreMotivation At The Nhs Foundation2676 Words   |  11 Pagesmotivation of the employees in the workplace is extremely important for deciding the performance levels of an organization that functions in the healthcare segment. As such, this research is conducted to evaluate the existing motivation levels, strategies and performance within the organization. In addition, the motivation strategies that can be used by the business managers in the organization are considered and their practical application is analysed. The research would be mainly based on secondaryRead MoreSkills and Competencies of a 21st Century Entrepreneur2580 Words   |  11 PagesContents INTRODUCTION 2 CRITICAL EVALUATION 3 PRE – START UP PLANNING AND PREPARATION 3 ENTREPRENEUR IN AN ORGANISATION 4 ENTREPRENEUR AS AN INDIVIDUAL 5 ENTREPRENEUR WITHIN THE SOCIETY 5 CONCLUSION 6 RECOMMENDATION 6 REFERENCES 7 ANNOTATED BIBILIOGRAPHY 8 APPENDIX 9 INTRODUCTION Various definitions have been given to the word entrepreneur, due to the changes and complexity of the world’s economic structure. Entrepreneurs have been cussed and discussed, declared to be social misfits

Memory and Cognition Paper Topics - Good For Your GPA Or Grades

Memory and Cognition Paper Topics - Good For Your GPA Or GradesThere are many ways to earn a college degree, and some of them involve much more than studying for an entire semester of class work. Several students also elect to take one or more memory and cognition paper topics. The purpose of taking a memory and cognition paper topic is to boost your GPA or grade point average while participating in independent study or learning how to perform specific tasks.Memory and cognition papers are chosen at the discretion of the student and are not required of all students to participate in them. However, as an independent study or learning activity, they are especially valuable. Students who participate in memory and cognition papers have many reasons for doing so. Some students have difficulty concentrating for a whole semester of school and want to improve their grades.Some students might need to work harder than other students and might want to improve their grades because they see that others are having difficulty. These students might be in high school or might be older students looking to do something different in their senior year of high school. In either case, there are many different ways to make memory and cognition paper topics into learning opportunities.Most students will not have the time needed to fit all of their studying into their actual computer class. For this reason, many students might decide to do memory and cognition paper topics. Instead of working all semester for a B or even a C, students might have a better grade by taking a memory and cognition paper topic than taking only one semester of class.Memory and cognition paper topics can be quite challenging, but they are very important to do. In addition to being crucial for a higher grade, these activities help the student become more aware of his or her own cognitive skills and how these skills are used throughout the day. It also provides opportunities for the student to know more about oth ers and themselves.Memory and cognition paper topics help students learn to analyze and visualize information before it even hits their mind. By studying for these types of papers, the student learns to mentally organize his or her information and make logical connections. This helps to create more logically organized reports.Memory and cognition paper topics also allow the student to recognize and note patterns in his or her memory. By studying for these types of papers, the student can use his or her memory to do things such as writing down notes, or use any number of other methods. These are all things that help to improve the student's ability to remember things later.Memory and cognition paper topics are also a great way for students to learn to create a logical report. By learning the steps necessary to actually process data in order to produce a logically organized report, the student is learning new skills. The more these skills are learned, the better the student's chances are to take the next step on the learning curve and actually get a job or graduate from college.

How to Achieve Excellence in Writing Elegant Essay

Step by step instructions to Achieve Excellence in Writing Elegant EssayThe following counsel will assist you with accomplishing greatness recorded as a hard copy carefully. We as a whole need to compose expositions that are elegantly composed and to this end we should realize what to maintain a strategic distance from when composing our essay.First of all, your article ought to be finished by a specialist paper author, a specialist author is one who is capable in the craft of the paper. They have carried on with an existence of training and information and now they can make great papers. To build up an exceptional paper, you should rehearse with different composing styles and ideas that are hard to learn. It will require some investment and you should contribute time for rehearsing on papers. You can't get the hang of composing styles effectively and quick however it merits contributing to improve your skill.The expositions ought to be all around organized, very much organized artic les require a decent manager who realizes how to design the paper. Editors are experts and ability to design an article appropriately. So as to figure out how to design your exposition, a proofreader will alter your paper and ensure that your papers are appropriately formatted.Secondly, you should invest exertion to alter your article, yet not as much as the past point. There are numerous assets where you can become familiar with the various parts of altering and learning the ability. For example, you can pose an inquiry from an accomplished author who can give you data about altering an essay.Thirdly, you should ponder the arrangement of your article. When composing your exposition, you should consider various perspectives that ought to be viewed as when composing the article. This can be useful for improving your own aptitudes as a paper essayist. You ought to likewise consider the arrangement of your essay.The configuration of your article is additionally significant for your own abilities as a paper author. Individuals can tell whether you have composed a fascinating exposition by looking at the substance of your paper. On the off chance that the article contains significant or constructive focuses, individuals will respect your composing capacity. On the off chance that you have loads of contrary focuses in your paper, individuals will feel that you couldn't care less much about yourself and your character.However, it doesn't imply that you ought to consistently compose your article in an alluring way. You have to place your psyche into shape and focus on the current topic. Every one of these things will assist you with accomplishing greatness recorded as a hard copy.

Term Paper Writing Service Reviews

<h1>Term Paper Writing Service Reviews</h1><p>Term paper composing administration surveys are an absolute necessity read, yet they are by all account not the only key to effective composition. There are numerous apparatuses and methods accessible for journalists so as to take advantage of their composing experience.</p><p></p><p>The essayist must comprehend the significance of precise data. The entirety of the significant subtleties in a report or article must be imparted precisely, with the goal that the peruser doesn't need to speculate something. The precision of data is typically one of the main things that perusers notice about a bit of composing, and this is the reason an exact bit of composing must be cautiously selected.</p><p></p><p>Another significant apparatus for the author is truthful data. Any bit of composing ought to contain precise realities, and that incorporates investigate. Any essayist worth their salt must be able to accumulate the right information and assemble it in a dependable manner.</p><p></p><p>The capacity to compose compactly and accurately is likewise a significant aptitude, and scholars must have the certainty and self-assurance to have the option to do this. Any author with a ton of certainty can without much of a stretch persuade any peruser that the individual in question recognizes what the person in question is talking about.</p><p></p><p>Another part of composing that is fundamental to any vocation is building up an individual explanation. The individual explanation is something that is typically the primary thing individuals will see about an applicant and is the reason for the best of surveys. The individual articulation is the purpose behind the suggestion and one must build up the certainty to realize the individual explanation can remain all alone merits.</p><p></p><p>Research ought to consistently be remembered for any ongoing composed work, and journalists ought to do the essential research before presenting an undertaking. Data, for example, the proprietor of the property, the road address, the city, state, and postal division are significant snippets of data that ought to be looked into. Any essayist who doesn't look into their topic and consolidate these significant snippets of data isn't doing the correct research.</p><p></p><p>The author ought to likewise perceive the remarkable instrument that is the web. There are numerous assets online to support the essayist, and numerous online business devices, for example, email promoting and different types of article showcasing are accessible to enable the author to make a living.</p>

Secrets About California Bar July 2018 Essay Topics Uncovered

<h1> Secrets About California Bar July 2018 Essay Topics Uncovered </h1> <p>You're not being guided by the planetary viewpoints and you're ready to follow whatever course you want. Lawfully, you can't be terminated for allegations. There are loads of different things which are critical and unavoidable which must be set up in the beginning of the year so as to forestall a few conflicts. </p> <p>Apart of these things, it is very fundamental for the individuals to set their timetables for arranged responsibilities and for some things which are also significant and can't be deferred for long so as to keep the suitable working of the activity. People can either make the whole year arranging or they can make month to month or even week by week plan for line with the interest of the situation. Not just the arranging that they need to make in the beginning of the month yet they need to keep up the rundown of the entire year working timetable through the free printable 2018 schedule on which they have to take a shot at it. Freedom Day is actually the most significant day for the usa and it's commended by both government and residents. </p> <p>Current enactment may require a second look in the nearby future. You are set up to stay with your arrangement. Last, verifySignature was added to supplement the marking strategies. Numerous elements may clarify the move. </p> <p>You're ready to effectively include extraordinary occasions by means of utilizing include occasion button in the top of the site. Counting an element where you could settle on a specific timeframe in the application or locate a caution once you have passed a few minutes. The schedule is the ideal answer for watching out for events as well. In this way, there are a few novel types of printable schedules that are on the site which helps the individuals in making their arrangements and settles different purposes like it helps in arranging trips, arranging the occasion venture and in much more things and they can undoubtedly plan their time table in like manner as an approach to oversee one of a kind errands effectively and without having any troubles. </p> <p>There are different sort of schedules out there in numerous configurations and design which permit individuals to truly deal with their work or some other action in a productive strategy. Such activity would be basic to hold number use inside the per-nation yearly breaking point. It is important to hold number use inside the general overall yearly cutoff points. </p> <p>Needless to state, it could or probably won't be there. You may nearly wager that if you decide to disregard a subject, that it will appear on the test. Language is a noteworthy territory for us to get directly as we wish to clarify our item in simple and clear terms. Kindly don't stop perusing! </p> <p>With a single tick you could likewise include your very own notes for your regular occasions. As it tends to be customized effectively, you can likewise include the particular days of your own one of a kind like the birthday celebrations of your amigos, significant cutoff times of your venture or dates of your arranged excursions. The absolute best quality of the printable 2018 Calendar is they're editable and individuals may roll out the improvements dependent on the adjustments in their arrangements and they can without much of a stretch modify the dates or the occasions dependent on the various things and the different changes that are being changed with their arrangements. Printable schedule is valuable especially for people who overlooks the particular dates continually. </p> <p>At first, Easy Member Pro may be somewhat scary in light of the fact that it's an enrollment site content. With MLM Lead System Pro, you don't have to stress over what activities. &l t;/p> <p>To assist you with keeping up your exercises sorted out, we encourage you to utilize a printable specially crafted schedule. Different individuals have different tastes and method of utilizing a schedule, that is the explanation it's encouraged to modify a schedule as per your own alternative. There's a connection between the 2 occasions. You may even tweak a schedule just the bearing you need it.</p>

Obsecompositve College Essay Topics

<h1>Obsecompositve College Essay Topics</h1><p>Obsecomposity College Essay Topics is hard to manage. Regardless of whether you are managing a significant change at your particular employment or at home, issues or issues in your relationship, or the way that the economy isn't as solid as it used to be, your paper is probably going to be unique in relation to your colleagues'. When composing your school exposition, you should be adaptable and present the realities such that your crowd will comprehend. Here are a few hints for managing the difficulties of composing an obsecomposity paper topic.</p><p></p><p>Begin your exposition with a lot of supporting realities. You need to think of data that is intelligently connected so that if your peruser hauls a part out of their book, they will realize what they are absent. To help with this, compose your exposition as though your crowd is understanding it, rather than your cohorts. Ensure your supportin g realities are identified with the substance that you are addressing.</p><p></p><p>The most intriguing part of composing an obsecomposity is the exploration that goes into the piece. Set aside the effort to do your examination. This may mean returning and perusing your book. Make sure to peruse every part cautiously. A smart thought is to compose the initial segment of your article from the point of view of the individual you are composing about.</p><p></p><p>Writing a book audit can be an incredible asset for you. Audits will give you an understanding into your book and offer you a chance to compose from an alternate point. Additionally, ensure that you compose a full passage clarifying your purposes behind composing a book review.</p><p></p><p>One of the most significant parts of composing an obsecomposity is to be straightforward and straightforward. An absence of straightforwardness can leave a peruser feel ing like they are perusing an inadequately composed attempt to sell something. Make certain to mention to your perusers what you mean by specific words. Compose your theme along these lines: I'm composing this book in the expectations that it will help individuals or a reason. By being straightforward, you make a positive tone for your piece.</p><p></p><p>In request to discover your crowd, you should be liberal and make your feeling known to other people. Regardless of whether you don't concur with another person's supposition, you have the choice to be totally fair. Permitting yourself to be a craftsman while making your exposition theme is essential.</p><p></p><p>While you may be energetic about a subject, doing research on the subject is your solid point. For instance, on the off chance that you are expounding on the impacts of radiation on a specific kind of fish, at that point investigation into the issue will permit you to advanc e a solid contention for your perspective. When expounding on your own perspective, make sure to utilize a little amusingness. Funniness and mockery will help keep your peruser's attention.</p><p></p><p>Obsecomposity school exposition subjects are testing. Be that as it may, they can likewise be amazingly fulfilling in the event that you set aside the effort to compose the most ideal paper. Make sure to be straightforward and straightforward in your paper and utilize your composing abilities to make your theme one of a kind. You will accomplish the objective of your paper by following these steps.</p>

Measuring Earthquake Intensities Using Seismic Scales

The first measuring tool invented for earthquakes was the seismic intensity scale. This is a rough numerical scale to describe how severe an earthquake is in the place where youre standing—how bad it is on a scale of 1 to 10. Its not hard to come up with a set of descriptions for intensity 1 (I could barely feel it) and 10 (Everything around me fell down!) and the gradations in between. A scale of this kind, when its carefully made and consistently applied, is useful even though its based entirely on descriptions, not measurements. Scales of earthquake magnitude (the total energy of a quake) came later, the result of many advances in seismometers and decades of data collection. While seismic magnitude is interesting, seismic intensity is more important: its about the strong motions that actually affect people and buildings. Intensity maps are prized for practical things like city planning, building codes, and emergency response. To Mercalli and Beyond Dozens of seismic intensity scales have been devised. The first to be widely used was made by Michele de Rossi and Francois Forel in 1883, and before seismographs were widespread the Rossi-Forel scale was the best scientific tool we had. It used roman numerals, from intensity I to X. In Japan, Fusakichi Omori developed a scale based on the types of structures there, such as stone lanterns and Buddhist temples. The seven-point Omori scale still underlies the Japanese Meteorological Agencys official seismic intensity scale. Other scales came into use in many other countries. In Italy, a 10-point intensity scale developed in 1902 by Giuseppe Mercalli was adapted by a succession of people. When H. O. Wood and Frank Neumann translated one version into English in 1931, they called it the Modified Mercalli scale. That has been the American standard ever since. The Modified Mercalli scale consists of descriptions that range from the innocuous (I. Not felt except by a very few) to the terrifying (XII. Damage total . . . Objects thrown upward into the air). It includes the behavior of people, the responses of houses and larger buildings, and natural phenomena. For instance, peoples responses range from barely feeling ground motion at intensity I to everyone running outdoors at intensity VII, the same intensity at which chimneys begin to break. At intensity VIII, sand and mud are ejected from the ground and heavy furniture overturns. Mapping Seismic Intensity Turning human reports into consistent maps happen online today, but it used to be quite laborious. During the aftermath of a quake, scientists collected intensity reports as fast as they could. Postmasters in the United States sent the government a report every time a quake struck. Private citizens and local geologists did the same. If youre into earthquake preparedness, consider learning more about what quake investigators do by downloading their official field manual. With these reports in hand, investigators of the U.S. Geological Survey then interviewed other expert witnesses, such as building engineers and inspectors, to help them map zones of equivalent intensity. Eventually, a contour map showing the intensity zones was finalized and published. An intensity map can show some useful things. It can delineate the fault that caused the quake. It can also show areas of unusually strong shaking far from the fault. These areas of bad ground are important when it comes to zoning, for instance, or disaster planning or deciding where to route freeways and other infrastructure. Advances In 1992, a European committee set out to refine the seismic intensity scale in the light of new knowledge. In particular, we have learned a great deal about how different kinds of buildings respond to shaking—in effect, we can treat them like amateur seismographs. In 1995 the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) was widely adopted across Europe. It has 12 points, the same as the Mercalli scale, but it is much more detailed and precise. It includes many pictures of damaged buildings, for instance. Another advance was being able to assign harder numbers to intensities. The EMS includes specific values of ground acceleration for each intensity rank. (So does the latest Japanese scale.) The new scale cannot be taught in a single lab exercise, the way the Mercalli scale is taught in the United States. But those who master it will be the best in the world at extracting good data from the rubble and confusion of an earthquakes aftermath. Why Old Research Methods Are Still Important The study of earthquakes gets more sophisticated every year, and thanks to these advances the oldest research methods work better than ever. The nice machines and clean data make for good fundamental science. But one great practical benefit is that we can calibrate all kinds of earthquake damages against the seismograph. Now we can extract good data from human records where—and when—there are no seismometers. Intensities can be estimated for earthquakes all the way through history, using old records like diaries and newspapers. Earth is a slow-moving place, and in many places the typical earthquake cycle takes centuries. We dont have centuries to wait, so deriving reliable information about the past is a valuable task. Ancient human records are much better than nothing, and sometimes what we learn about past seismic events is almost as good as having seismographs there.

Using Essay Samples To Help Your Adult Returning To School

Using Essay Samples To Help Your Adult Returning To SchoolWriting an essay is one of the toughest assignments in college that most adults never get over. The grade that is assigned to it, even if that grade is poor at best, creates anxiety, and many adults fear that they will fall short in the class, and their grades will reflect this. But that fear can be put to rest with adult returning to school essay samples.Adults who have struggled with college and are considering returning to school have one thing in common - they want to earn their degree. But earning a degree takes time, and that means that not all adults have the same expectations as other students. This leaves many returning to school students with a good deal of homework and countless essays to write.Many adults have limited writing skills, especially with reference to research, and some may struggle to find ways to improve their student's research skills. One way that most adults have found to ease the burden of the acad emic year is to use essay samples. These types of writing prompts are supplied by faculty and staff at several colleges and universities and may be obtained from the offices of the advising office.It is important to choose the sample assignment that is best for your needs, and you should consider where the sample comes from and how many students will be included in the sample. The more students included in the sample, the larger the student body, which will require a larger sample. Also, the time commitment for the sample should be proportionate to the number of students.Some colleges and universities have an abundance of samples and some do not. Often, the ones that do not have enough samples usually have a requirement that the samples not exceed ten pages. If this is the case at your college or university, you should choose a sample assignment that is long enough to meet this requirement.Once you have chosen a sample, the student of the adult writing the assignment will need to pr ovide examples of his or her own in addition to the sample. This may include dissertations or other related works, such as research papers, outlines, or other works that fit the sample as closely as possible. Examples of the student's work may also be helpful.There are a number of ways that adult returning to school can obtain a sample assignment that will work for them. Most universities offer these samples as part of the admission process, and often on a first come, first served basis. If the student has difficulty finding the sample assignment that he or she desires, the staff of the college or university may be able to provide that student with the specific assignment that he or she is looking for.College students who wish to improve their grades and be prepared for their college career should use essay samples that have been provided by the college. These samples should be prepared to their particular style, and they should be given as much time as needed to accomplish the requ ired tasks. The right sample is key to the success of an adult returning to school.

The Second Step in Writing an Argumentative Essay

<h1>The Second Step in Writing an Argumentative Essay</h1><p>By far the most significant advance recorded as a hard copy a factious article is building up the other five stages. The greater part of this stage will be spent getting things done to set up the peruser for what they are going to experience in the essay.</p><p></p><p>In a way this progression in the process is what could be compared to the initial step, and it is tied in with opening the peruser's brain to the potential outcomes. I'm not catching your meaning by that? Think about it in this light: When you come to peruse a factious exposition you ought not simply be seeing it as an assortment of realities or a report of facts.</p><p></p><p>The third step is the place your undertaking will be to build up the peruser to think. At the end of the day, you should discover his thought process before you start to give your factious paper. On the off chance that you need to ensure you have achievement you should build up the peruser's mind.</p><p></p><p>The most effortless approach to do this is to do a reality beware of a couple of things. You would prefer not to begin with an article composed with just a single thought, yet you additionally would prefer not to fall into the snare of dumping the entirety of your thoughts on him. It is increasingly imperative to simply give him the data to consider. This will offer you the chance to persuade him and build up an amazing subject to your contentious essay.</p><p></p><p>Next attempt to acquaint something new with the peruser. A typical misstep individuals make is to give them the entirety of the data they need. They commit this error since they accept that on the off chance that they don't forget about anything, at that point the peruser won't have the option to comprehend what they are attempting to state. That simply isn't correct and in the event that you let the peruser realize that they will get all that you need to state, at that point he may lose enthusiasm for the factious essay.</p><p></p><p>By indicating the peruser some new data you will be giving them some thought of what you're extremely after. Thus, on the off chance that they're a solid doubter, at that point the factious article will be more grounded, in light of the fact that the contention is worked around their skepticism.</p><p></p><p>Once you've developed the primary pieces of your pugnacious paper, you will see the constructive outcome you have on the peruser. Remember to apply this to the entirety of your expositions. In the event that you set aside the effort to present another thought, on the off chance that you give him data to consider, and on the off chance that you form his uncertainty into an uncertainty he needs to seek after your pugnacious exposition, at that point you will see incredible success.& lt;/p>

Essay Topics for Global History

<h1>Essay Topics for Global History</h1><p>Global history officials paper subjects can be testing. You need to consider the manners by which individuals in the past interfaced with one another and the worldwide exchange and trade that occurred from the beginning of time. The manner in which individuals associated and carried products to one another's networks was frequently encouraged by ships, just as later, railroads.</p><p></p><p>But try not to be hesitant to blend in world history with your worldwide history officials article points. There are loads of manners by which you can get this going. It may incorporate returning to and focusing on the communications between a gathering of individuals and how they modified their social orders and what kind of changes happened as a result.</p><p></p><p>As such, the subject of your worldwide history addresses must incorporate everything that worries the arrangement of global associations and gatherings. This can include anything from how individuals chose to get together to who concluded who might take part. It could likewise include the presentation of various countries into these worldwide associations, the discussions that occurred, the genuine association itself, and what sorts of improvements occurred inside it.</p><p></p><p>The key to making this work, however, is to recall that when you pose inquiries about global associations and world history, you additionally need to incorporate different points inside it. For instance, you can discuss how huge these associations became and how their impact changed after some time. You may likewise need to think about whether there were specific sorts of occasions and activities that were basic to the development of these associations in the first place.</p><p></p><p>Or maybe you will need to consider the types of well known discussions and how these helped shape the way toward getting these associations together in any case. You should consider who were persuasive in the establishing of these universal gatherings. These subjects will become an integral factor when you consider your worldwide history officials article topics.</p><p></p><p>By a similar token, you might need to consolidate a portion of the thoughts you learned in the course itself into your worldwide history questions. A decent inquiry to pose to yourself is this: 'Was there any kind of gathering or nation that had the option to rule the discussion at a specific time in time?' If along these lines, at that point you have a thought regarding the kind of changes that occurred and the consequences of those changes.</p><p></p><p>You will likewise need to consider whether you need to consider worldwide history as a subject all in all for your worldwide history questions. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you have an inclinati on that you have a lot of data about how the world functions, you should move past simply examining nations or even kinds of nations. You should proceed onward to talk about something somewhat more dynamic and important, for example, how different belief systems molded a general public, or how a specific sort of individual affected the improvement of his/her nation.</p><p></p><p>But whatever point you decide to cover in your article subjects, you will need to do as such with the cautious thought that you give every theme. In the event that you don't commit sufficient opportunity to your conversation, at that point you won't come out with a total and fulfilling article.</p>

High School English Class Notes From the Underground Essay Topics

High School English Class Notes From the Underground Essay TopicsI've heard a lot of people talk about high school English class notes from the underground essay topics. Some of them have had these high school English class notes from the underground essays converted to reading assignments for students, but most are too busy to do it.Students should write their own high school English class notes from the underground essays from the grades nine through twelve, when they are writing their college essays or in English class at university. I highly recommend you write this high school English class notes from the underground essay topics so that you can get a feel for what they are going through when writing their essays.If you feel like your high school English class notes from the underground essay topics are not what they should be you might want to turn the assignment into a working writing assignment for your college students. You can have it turned into an essay contest where they are required to rewrite their essays as you would have them write the essay assignment.I will try to explain how you would do it with these college essays I wrote for a conference on college essays a few years ago. If you don't want to pay for the conference just type 'Conference on College Essays' into Google and you will find several online videos that will show you exactly how it should be done.We had a very unique process for writing high school English class notes from the underground essay topics. The first thing we did was we assigned all students to write two essays on the theme of their choice. Then we had students write about two issues that were having the same theme and then we had the same group write about one issue that was having its own theme.Then we had all the students in a large room take turns asking each other a series of questions about the topic they had chosen. We read and answered each question that was asked.After all the questions were answered and we we re through with the last question we took a look at all the notes and made sure we had the theme for all the essays that were chosen. I highly recommend you do this if you are trying to put together the same high school English class notes from the underground essay topics. This is a way of catching any pattern that you may be seeing that seems like it should be used.I encourage you to begin to take note of the themes that you see in high school notes from the underground essay topics. Write down some of the themes for your students.

Essay Acceptance Samples - Essay Writing Tips That Will Help You Get Into Your College

Essay Acceptance Samples - Essay Writing Tips That Will Help You Get Into Your CollegeCollege essays are the ones that will test whether or not your essay college acceptance samples are up to par. When it comes to college admissions, the usual advice is to rewrite an essay as much as possible and edit it thoroughly, but don't rewrite it until it is perfect. As with most college admissions, there are a few essentials that you must make sure of. These essay sample tips will give you the best chance of being accepted into your college.The first thing you need to do when writing a college essay is to get one draft done. This is the first draft, which is usually worked on again until the grammar and sentences are as tight as possible. All the other colleges and universities will look at this initial draft as they decide whether or not you are ready for their college admissions programs.In college essays, don't be afraid to take chances. Don't put down every aspect of your life as you have gone through it. Also, don't be afraid to include stuff that may shock them. These college acceptance essay samples will help you bring out your ideas in a way that can easily be used to improve your profile as a writer.It is important that you have a good strong academic background before starting college essay. Your grade point average, personal statement, and how well you handle different situations in your life will all play a role in your college admissions. Being able to write well is the least of your concerns.Make sure that your college essays are as direct as possible. Give details about what you know about the subject. Also make sure that you can clearly explain things such as why you have made a decision on a topic or because of personal experience. If you can include these ideas, this will also help you with your college admissions.Remember that the first thing that will come to your mind when you are writing a college essay is the use of words. Don't just throw in as m any words as you can into your essay. First, you must find the proper words for your topic. Then you must make sure that the words can support your idea. College essay acceptance samples will show you how to do this.College essays are crucial to winning college admissions. With a solid topic, good grammar, and interesting ideas, you have a great chance of being accepted into your college or university.

The Tourism Product- Components of the Tourism Industry

Introduction to Tourism BEM1012 James Ince 620021716 number one tutorial question- Describe how the components of the tourism industry interact together in order to provide tourists with their holiday experience. Please state whether you agree, or disagree with the view of some academics that there is no such thing as the ‘Tourism Product’. In the industry of tourism, there are a number of components that link together, to provide a family, couple or a group with a vacation. These components are more like steps. These steps include, how you get to your destination, where you stay, what activities you do and who organizes all of these things. The formal names for these components are: accommodation sector, attraction sector,†¦show more content†¦Choose attractions that suit you, going to the beach, spending days in rum shops. Both of these examples give a brief explanation about what the tourism product is. The first component that the tourist must deal with while planning their vacation is, accommodation sector. This sector deals with where the tourists stay when they are vacating. This sector really depends on who is it is staying, whether it is a family, young couple, honeymooners or elderly. It depends on this because; they will want to be close to attractions that they enjoy. For example, young people will want to be close to the club street, while elderly would like to be close to museums or spas. This links to other components because, for transportation. They would like to fly in near to their hotel; therefore they wouldn’t have to pay so much to get from the airport to their hotel. This reasoning also applies to the attraction sector also, because the tourist vacating, would prefer to be close to the attractions, that they have chosen to participate in. This sector is vital in planning for a vacation, because it determines where you are going to stay. The two factors that help people decide where they are going to stay are price and quality. These two factors usually come hand in hand. Although if you do enough research and enough asking around. You will find a cheap place to stay, with standard quality. The main challenges that occur when dealing with these components are: safety, quality,Show MoreRelatedTourism Supply Is A Complex Phenomenon1704 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Tourism supply is a complex phenomenon derived from the summation of the value of tourism products offered by an industry. Technically, the value of products’ sales is derived after the total supply is multiplied by the corresponding tourism/ product ratio. Song (2012) refers to tourism supply as the direct result of every good and service that is significant in meeting the demand of tourism consumption. 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Increasing Foreign Market Commitments †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Answer: Introduction The airline industry has been exemplified by intense competitiveness with well-established price range pressure that further demands a continuous necessitate in developing its level of efficiency. However, similar to it the airline industry is regarded as a business that continuous to develop with an increased number of passengers who are frequent flyers. Since the origin of commercial and profitable air traffic, the airline industry has manifested by increased level of development in comparison to the GNP (Gross National Product) tendency and enduring productivity growth (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). Several technical advancements, recent commercial ventures and rate of efficiency progressions have facilitated to absorb and further comprehend inflation, which in amalgamation with increased living standards have facilitated more number of people to opt for airline travelling. It has been reported that over 3 billion passengers are anticipated to travel with commercial airlines in 2014. It is been expected by the International Air Transport Association(IATA), that the international travel and traffic has witnessed a slight rise of over 6% along with the competence to develop by about 6% (Williams 2017). Further progress is expected to persist a steady development in addition to this the aircraft manufacturer Airbus anticipates determined and constant positive annual traffic development until 2023 of a rate of over 5% (Dai, Liu and Serfes 2014). The report will intend to focus on the US Airlines Industry by focusing on its strategic position. The paper will intend to provide a synopsis of the US airline industry and further conduct a competitive study through Porters five-force analysis and further highlight its advantages and disadvantages. In further to this the report will explore it economic performance and identify strategies to improve airline profitability. The US airline industry consists of a vast range of airlines that vary from low cost carrier air models to the multitude global airline groups. The airline industry in United States is referred to be among the leading dynamic airline industries across the world. The airline industry in the United States in recent times have been responsible in producing advanced balance sheets, improved assessments and generated 13 consecutive quarters of revenue and profitability along with the functioning margins over 10% based on the evidence to the level of quality and discipline followed by the management with this strong competitive industry (Tan 2016). With the increasing growth of domestic airlines who are witnessing a steady profit and restrained operating expenditures because of the major portion to below $50 barrel crude keeping petroleum costs at low range (Hannigan, Hamilton and Mudambi 2015). This status has led the US airline industry face rough path of turbulence, which caused risks a nd threats to the US bottom line profits. One of the reasons behind the turn down of the US domestic line is excessive competence and ability coming on website at great discount rates when the US economy was facing a growth in the low rate single digits (Doganis 2013. The routes established between US and Latin America, whereby the value delivery services have been belligerently progressing that has been regarded as the largest development in recent available seat miles occurring over the past five years. The Domestic Airlines domain has been witnessing a development over these five years because of the increasing levels of per capita non-refundable income, consumer reliability along with total commercial revenues, which have reinforced demands from both corporate, as well as leisure passengers (Vahlne and Johanson 2017). Passenger airlines belonging to the US are making profits from an enhanced economy. The airlines of the United States is anticipated to hold a well established pos ition for passenger carriers in 2014 regardless to the crippling winter weather in certain regions of north eastern and mid western United States. It has been anticipated that the US airline industry will establish its fourth consecutive year of productivity in 2014 (Holloway 2017). As per the recent Statista survey, passengers from USA have travelled more frequently for leisure purposes in the past six months along with the major section of the airlines generally travelled on economic category flights. It must be noted that the on-time arrival rate of performance of the airlines of US has seen certain number of improvements in 2017 to an average of over 80% (Ambec et al. 2013). While the number of grievances have increased to some extent by more than 1% in comparison to last year with Spirit airlines producing the highest rate of grievances and complaints based on per 100,000 enplanements (Flouris and Oswald 2016). Components of Porters Five Forces Analysis on US Airline Industry The major factor for conducting Porters Five Forces for the US airline industry is because of the US industry has been threatened by steady headwinds from the wide range of external forces. These threats involve the declining passenger traffic, rising functional expenses, increased rate of fuel and petroleum prices along with improved and safer landing with better maintenance cost (Porter and Heppelmann 2014). However, it can be stated that the global airline industry has been facing a death spiral specifically in the United States whereby, numerous renowned air carriers were either reinforced into bankruptcy or had to come in amalgamation with other airline companies in order to remain steady in the industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers- (High) The supplier power in the US airline industry is immense due to the three major factors that US airline comprises of in terms of fuel, aircraft along with labour force which are further been influenced by several external forces (Vanhove 2017). The price of aviation petroleum for instance is subjected to the instability in the international market for oil and lubricants that has been revolved massively due to several geopolitical and other elements. Due to the restricted number of the two major suppliers, which are Airbus and Boeing, they tend to direct the prices and maintain immense authority (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). The other increased cost contribution of the US airline industry and is further controlled by the workers of American Airlines subsidiary. Bargaining Power of Buyers- (Low) The increasing rate of propagation of online ticketing as well as distribution methods, various US airlines namely, American, Delta Airlines, Virgin America and others who fly broad range of passenger everyday no longer needs to rely on their representatives and other intermediaries for their ticketing requirements (Zou et al.2014). However, there has a strict regulation and policies situated at the demand sector of the US airline industry. This further signifies that all passengers travelling in any airline belonging to the US airline industry is provided utmost protection and security by the regulators. Threat of Substitute Products or Services- (Medium) US airline industry is not exposed to threat from its substitutes (Holloway 2017). Unlike other nations, US citizens generally prefer flying, thus making it a natural phenomenon in comparison to its substitutes such as roadway transports, which have comparatively less influence on the passengers (Kleymann and Serist 2017). However, several US citizens use their personal cars for long distance journeys thus posing as a threat. Threat of New Entrants- (Low) - The US airline industry requires huge capital venture in order to make an entrance. During their exit, the airlines must script down and further absorb several losses. US airlines have been witnessing low-level traffic since the massive attack of 9/11 and an absence of popular and desirable gate accessibility in airports (Grant 2016). These factors have been posed as threats and obstacles of entry in the US airline domain. Furthermore, the capital, labour intensive, and energy demanding nature of the airline industry in the US can cause complexities for new entrants. Rivalry among Existing Competitors- (High) - US airline industry comprises of several domestic and international airline carriers. The three most renowned international carriers are namely Delta Airlines, American Airlines and United Airlines (Wu and Liao 2014). It also consists of an additional nine large carriers that has its operation in primarily domestic air carriers but further have some global destinations namely Alaska Airlines, JetBlue, Southwest Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines (Holloway 2017). These airline services mainly compete on ticketing price range and services. On the other hand, they compete on the ground of the flight frequencies, reliability and other services and amenities (Grant 2016). The Southwest Airlines Company is known as the major competitor within the US airline industry that carries more than 100 million passengers in an average year that is poses as the biggest threat to the other airlines (Choi, Lee and Olson 2015). Benefits and Limitations of Porters Five Forces Analysis on Us Airline Industry Porters Five Forces Analysis has been widely implemented in order to analyse varied industrial positions. As the US airline industry experience several challenges while maintaining competitive benefits over its rivals, the above conducted Five Forces analysis has effectively determined the fundamental competitive impact of external forces on the US airline industry. The Five Forces analysis has explicitly evaluated the authoritative position of suppliers within the US airline industry. If the level of this force within a particular sector is high then those buyers have a less degree of pricing authority over their client companies or suppliers (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). Since the US airline industry alike any other airlines sector is intensely reliant towards supplies like fuel, labour force and aircraft manufacturers, the negotiation power of the suppliers have thus been explicitly evaluated through this analysis. The US airline industry being a lucrative industry has high degree of competitiveness amongst the multitude of companies providing services to the same target base. As there has an assembly of players all trying to destabilize and challenge each other (Holloway 2017). The US airline industry has always been occupied with historic rivalries. Earlier leading airlines Pan AM and TWA (Trans World Airlines) had competed with each other for dominance over the international routes. In recent times, Delta and American airlines have emerged as strong opponents within the industry (Flouris and Oswald 2016). The Five Forces analysis have been beneficial in order to analyse the rising competitiveness between these two airlines. Delta has reportedly posed criticisms against its rivals for mediocre and substandard services and reliability and further endorsed its high and improved quality amenities through effective marketing strategies. In terms of US airline industry, the immediate domestic competition lies on the sharing of common challenges and strategies of labour and services, shifting governing environment and alike. The Porters Five Forces analysis have not been successful to identify the threats that can be caused through new entrants within the airline industry (Borenstein and Rose 2014). Though the level of threat has been shown as low in this force analysis, yet the detailed exploration could have facilitated to understand the strategic position of the US airline industry. One of the major area of limitations underlying the analysis of Porters Five Forces has been incompetent to pay equal attention and consideration to all five forces. It must be noted that for most industries, especially the airline sector, there will be one or more than once forces, which will overshadow the other significant forces (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). For example, the threat of substitutes has not been explicitly evaluated within the analysis framework. Economic Performance of US Airline Industry The US airline industry to, from and within the United States has created three distinctive types of economic benefits. Certain reports reveal that economic footprint of the airline industry has been assessed by its contribution to GDP, employment and taxation revenues produced by the airline sector as well as its supply chain. However, the economic significance and value created by the US airline industry is more than it has been evaluated (Flouris and Oswald 2016). The US airline domain aid over $600 billion in GVA that is Gross Value Added to the nation that is equivalent to almost 5% of the countrys economy (Grant 2016). The total economic contribution to US GDP consists of catalytic advantages via aviation associated with global tourism of over $100 billion that create the airline sector input as a whole. Over 3 million jobs have been directly aided by the airline sector and further 2 million jobs indirectly have been financed through the US airlines supply chain. The US plays a major contribution to the US public finances for more than $55 billion in taxation charges that involve income tax revenues and receipts from the US labour force (Flouris and Oswald 2016). Social security and corporation taxation has further been levied on the revenues and profits of the US airplane industry. The US has been recognized as the worlds largest airline services sector that gives a production of $30 billion direct and $40 billion in indirect contribution along with almost $22 billion induced as benefit to GDP. It has been reported that over nine hundred thousand scheduled global flights have their departure from several airports of the US annually that have been destined for more than 250 airports in over 100 countries (Flouris and Oswald 2016). Several air passengers residing in the US consists of approximately 600 million of the passenger as a whole. For a major section of air passenger flights in aggregation pay $600 billion including tax charges along with the US residents paying around $500 billion (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). The air transport sector is considered crucial for the distribution and supply of increased value to weigh products of passengers. The year 2010 witnessed 3200 routes relating major US airports to urban collections across the world. On an average, there were 5 outbound flights per day along these air path routes. A total number of more than 350 of these routes were linking the US to cities of over 10 million residents with five outgoing flights every day available to passengers (Flouris and Oswald 2016). The rate of frequencies has been higher to the majority of economically major destinations. For instance, travellers benefitted from a number of 31 outgoing flights each day from Los Angeles to the New York offering high-speed accessibility for commercial and leisure purposes all through the day . It must be noted that, several of these city pair networks are only achievable due to the passenger traffic density offered by major hub airports. Identifying Strategic Position for Airline Profitability of US Recognizing strategic positions within the airline industry is immensely necessary from both a qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Establishing correct operational performance can facilitate in balancing the functioning trade-offs that the US airline experience. For instance, Delta airlines tagline is one time machine while the Alaska airline believes in safe on time and with your bag at the lowest expenditure (Choi, Lee and Olson 2015). Furthermore evaluating drivers of operational performance is another strategy to use for ultimate profitability. Several airlines services such as BCG has shed light on certain operational measures such as OTP and proficiency along with focusing on customer contentment and employee engagement. Considerable improvements in airline route linkage have contributed to the financially viable performance of the broader economy with the enhancement of its overall productivity level. However, this development in efficiency in airlines companies outside the airline sector passes through two major channels such as via the impact on national firms of improved access to international markets as well as enlarged foreign competition in the domestic market (Art 2013). This must be noted that enhanced associations gives US-based trades and businesses improved access to international markets acknowledging the exports and enhances contest and rivalry in the local markets from international based suppliers (Choi, Lee and Olson 2015). This way, advanced networking acknowledges US companies to specialise in areas whereby, they own a comparative beneficial factor (Grant 2016). It must be noted that the increased rate of fuel and oil prices have further complicated the scenario that led several U S airlines to face bankruptcy during the 2000s that included Delta, United, American. However, this airline sector have conquered all the struggles and obstacles and have been regarded as recent driving agent of airline profitability further influencing the airline service decision-making processes. Conclusion To conclude it can be seen that the US airline industry has undoubtedly struggled a long journey to become such a lucrative and immensely profitable sector. It has successfully produced improved balance sheets and enhanced valuations by facilitating a profitable operating margin within the US economy. This airline sector is reportedly to be on an achievable line despite of the increasing fuel and labour expenses. A consistent demand for air travel in US has overtaken major section of the US economic development. The report has effectively provided a vibrant and well-established synopsis of the airline industry of the United States. It has further conducted a competitive forces analysis of the US airline sector by proving a diagram and detailed analysis through Porters Five Forces. In addition to this, the paper further evaluates the strengths and limitations of the five forces analysis by shedding light on the airline sector. After effective exploration on the strategic position of t he US airline sector, the paper highlighted the economic performance of this airline sector further identifying the strategies for improving its profitability and lucrativeness. References Ambec, S., Cohen, M.A., Elgie, S. and Lanoie, P., 2013. The Porter hypothesis at 20: can environmental regulation enhance innovation and competitiveness?.Review of environmental economics and policy,7(1), pp.2-22. Art, R.J., 2013.A grand strategy for America. Cornell University Press. Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C. eds., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press. Choi, K., Lee, D. and Olson, D.L., 2015. Service quality and productivity in the US airline industry: a service quality-adjusted DEA model.Service Business,9(1), pp.137-160. Dai, M., Liu, Q. and Serfes, K., 2014. Is the effect of competition on price dispersion nonmonotonic? evidence from the us airline industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(1), pp.161-170. Doganis, R., 2013.Flying off course: The economics of international airlines. Routledge. Flouris, T.G. and Oswald, S.L., 2016.Designing and executing strategy in aviation management. Routledge. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hannigan, T.J., Hamilton III, R.D. and Mudambi, R., 2015. Competition and competitiveness in the US airline industry.Competitiveness Review,25(2), pp.134-155. Holloway, S., 2017.Straight and Level: Practical Airline Economics: Practical Airline Economics. Routledge. Kleymann, B. and Serist, H., 2017.Managing strategic airline alliances management. Routledge. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E., 2014. How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), pp.64-88. Tan, K.M., 2016. Incumbent Response to Entry by Low?Cost Carriers in the US Airline Industry.Southern Economic Journal,82(3), pp.874-892. Vahlne, J.E. and Johanson, J., 2017. The internationalization process of the firma model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. InInternational Business(pp. 145-154). Routledge. Vanhove, N., 2017.The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory and Practice. Routledge. Williams, G., 2017.The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge. Wu, W.Y. and Liao, Y.K., 2014. A balanced scorecard envelopment approach to assess airlines' performance.Industrial Management Data Systems,114(1), pp.123-143. Zou, B., Elke, M., Hansen, M. and Kafle, N., 2014. Evaluating air carrier fuel efficiency in the US airline industry.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,59, pp.306-330.